The continental conflict arose out of political and religious issues in the holy roman empire and europe as. The war was devastating with estimates of between 25% and 40% of. At the peace of augsburg 1555, the emperor agreed to let each fief follow its lords religion. Despite its age first published in 1938, this is still one of the best english language narratives of this most complex of wars, tracing the intricate dance of diplomacy and combat that involved all of europe in the fate of germany.
Alfred doblins sprawling historical novel wallenstein 1920 is set in the thirty years war and centers on the court of holy roman emperor ferdinand. But this book succeeds, at least in setting the stage and following the people and politics. It continues to provide a narrative and analytical account of the war. Athens struggled to recover from the upheaval caused by the thirty tyrants in the years that followed. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million casualties resulting from military battles as well as from the famine and disease caused by the conflict. The thirty years war 16181648 remains a defining event in early modern european.
Thirty years war 161848, in european history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Some rulers were converted to protestantism while others still supported the catholic church. May 27, 2012 dame wedgwood was the third woman to be appointed member of the order of merit on the strength of her biographies of among others oliver cromwell, cardinal richelieu and william the silent, and most of all her immensely popular the thirty years war. For the thirty years after the war of 1812 to the beginning of the mexican war, the army of the united states would slowly and painfully evolve into a professional force with generally recognized standards of training, discipline, and doctrine. Wedgwood a descendent of the potter who founded the wedgwood company.
More than three and a half centuries have passed since the peace of westphalia ended the thirty years war 161848. As a long term effect, though, spains bourbon monarchy lasts to the day, under king juan carlos who resumed the throne in the 1970s. Somewhere along the way i picked up that the book on the thirty years war was the prosaically entitled the thirty years war written in 1938 by a twentyeightyearold english woman, c. Drawing on a huge body of source material from different languages and countries throughout europe, it provided a clear and comprehensive narrative and analytical account of the subject. As a result of the peloponnesian war, sparta, which had primarily been a continental culture, became a naval power. The thirty years war was fought in germany, martin luthers home, and involved nearly every country in europe. The series of protracted religiousdynastic wars that afflicted the holy roman empire and most western european states from 1618 to 1648. Helfferich has done a remarkable job in assembling texts that convey the sweep of the war, the religious and constitutional questions involved, the international involvement of especially denmark, sweden, and france, and the turbulent misery that the war produced, especially in the holy. Most of the fighting took place in the holy roman empire, although the war grew to include european powers outside of the empire. Cicely veronica wedgwoods history is considered a classic englishlanguage history of the war, and with good reason. Aug 06, 2010 short military history of the thirty years war the bohemian phase.
What began as a local, religious conflict became more and more continental and political with each expanding. Battles of the thirty years war march, 2017 march 10, 2017 charles atkins the 17 th century oversaw the modernization of war, from upgrades in weaponry to revaluations of battle tactics, from the replacement of old arms with new ones to the invention of. Similar phrases were repeated in many other publications, even if most communities did not celebrate peace until 1650, the year in which the terms agreed at westphalia were. Jul 06, 20 short term, louis xivs france succeeded in installing and propping up a bourbon monarch on the throne of spain. Sep 26, 2017 the thirty years war was a major european war that occurred during the 17th century. The range of confessions in germany, 1650, as a result of the thirty years. Thanks to xios, alan haskayne, lachlan lindenmayer, william crabb, derpvic, seth reeves and all my other patrons. What were the causes and effects of the thirty years war. One of the causes of the thirty years war 16181648 was the growing religious and political tension between roman catholics and protestant christians. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of europe, and, when it ended, the. A new history of the thirty years war reprint by peter h.
At first, nobody might have expected that the war would keep going so long a way. These tensions marked the beginning of the thirty years war and led to the formation of the independent dutch republic. What are the best history books for the 30 years war. What were the short and long term effects of world war ii. Short history of the thirty years war palatinate phase. The thirty years war was a series of conflicts that began early in the 17th century in the holy roman empire and finally involved much of europe. The book that i chose to read for my book report is called problems in european civilization. Sep 26, 2016 the thirty years war was a european continental war that took place from 16181648 thirty years. Shortterm, louis xivs france succeeded in installing and propping up a bourbon monarch on the throne of spain. The thirty years war was a 17thcentury religious conflict fought primarily in central europe. The primary property of the thirty years war was the long term itself of the war.
Decline of hapsburg dominance over european affairs. Holy roman empire constituent territories retain right to choose religion. Netherlands, which had at last thrown off the yoke of spain after a struggle lasting 80 years. The effects of the war included the creation of the peace of westphalia and a start to remaking the religious and political boundaries in europe. The war by diversion in the iberian peninsula had its intended effect. Helfferich has done a remarkable job in assembling texts that convey the sweep of the war, the religious and constitutional questions involved, the international involvement of especially denmark, sweden, and france, and the turbulent misery that the war. The thirty years war had complex and diverse origins but religion was perhaps the most important, and religious motivation was an integral part of the political, economic, and dynastic policies that formed and reshaped the course of. Whilst the conflict took place mainly in the area of modern day germany, it involved many of the great european powers at that time. The thirty years war was a war fought primarily in central europe between 1618 and 1648. The thirty years war 161848 is a central episode in early modern history.
This revised edition of geoffrey parkers text incorporates recent research whilst retaining the range and depth of coverage of the first edition. There is, to my knowledge, no other book of this sort in english. The first edition of the thirty years war offered an unrivalled survey of a central period in european history. Peace of westphalia 1648 international relations oxford.
Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of europe, and, when it ended, the map of europe had been irrevocably changed. One should be aware, however, that it does not include the very fruitful research of the last two decades. The thirty years war was a european continental war that took place from 16181648 thirty years. Francospanish war continues for several more decades. In this lesson we explore the thirty years war and the subsequent peace of westphalia. The religious clash of cultures built up gradually but inexorably into outbursts of violence against the perceived repression of the spanish crown. One of its enduring results was 19thcentury pangermanism, when it served as an. Drawing on a huge body of source material from different languages and countries.
I think drawing the parallel to the thirty years war in the 17th century is excellent. The thirty years war oxford academic journals oxford university. A book s total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. The decline of social, political and economical status of hapsburg and the rise of france. Many of the books on the subject confound the reader with complex discussions about general long term political and religious tensions throughout europe and. The thirty years war had a profound impact on europe, and some of the consequences of this war can be seen in the changes that were made to european society.
During the reformation, germany was part of the holy roman empire, a vast domain made up of hundreds of independent fiefs. As a longterm effect, though, spains bourbon monarchy lasts to the day, under king juan carlos who resumed the throne in the 1970s. The thirty years war was a very confusing conflict on many levels, and to attempt any account of it in barely 200 pages is almost foolhardy. He was born a czech protestant, however when the thirty years war came around he offered his services to the holy roman emperor obviously on the catholic side, angling for land and titles. Short history of the thirty years war palatinate phase august 6, 2010. Peace following the imperial victory at stadtlohn 1623 proved shortlived, with. Still, the holy roman empire may have controlled much of europe at the time. Short military history of the thirty years war the bohemian phase. Effects of the peloponnesian war western civilization.
However, the nondemographic, economic consequences of the war have received far less attention. It started as a conflict between protestants and roman catholics but soon became a struggle for political power. After solving most of its problems through war, the country was as bankrupt as it was bound by numerous pacts and alliances between the countries around it. The book is based on the authors firsthand experience. This also points us towards the treaty of westphalia in 1648 that ended the war but also provided the enduring architecture for relations between sovereign states in europe and some of the basic principles of international law and organization. Nov 12, 2016 hello and welcome to feature history, featuring religious conflict, tragic war, and a really nifty collaboration with jabzy. Oct 28, 2015 thanks to xios, alan haskayne, lachlan lindenmayer, william crabb, derpvic, seth reeves and all my other patrons. As brutal as the fighting was in the thirty years war, hundreds of thousands died as a result. The thirty years war was a 17thcentury religious conflict fought. Oct 22, 2019 the thirty years war, a series of wars fought by european nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of bohemia the future holy roman emperor ferdinand ii to.
Italy in 163031, powerfully narrated in alessandro manzonis celebrated novel the. Dame wedgwood was the third woman to be appointed member of the order of merit on the strength of her biographies of among others oliver cromwell, cardinal richelieu and william the silent, and most of all her immensely popular the thirty years war. War sadly, arguments over the reformation finally led to a series of wars. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million. This is the second book ive read recently about the thirty years war, both of which have the same informative, if unimaginative, title of the thirty years war. Get an answer for what were the short and long term effects of world war ii. There is, to my knowledge, no other book of this sort in english that competes in giving a detailed account of the thirty years war. The instructive book, written by several experts, is much quoted for the thirty years war, the peace of westphalia and the history of its reception.
Putz and the spck book can resist describing his hat with its long red feather and. The swedish phase of the thirty years war began when gustavus adolphus and his force of,000 landed at peenemunde in 1630. Hello and welcome to feature history, featuring religious conflict, tragic war, and a really nifty collaboration with jabzy. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. Especially on the latter stage of the thirty years war, many countries involved drove it into international war. Thirty years war students britannica kids homework help. In my essay, i will show what lead to war and what happened during the war as th.
Wedgewoods book is the only comphrensive study of the thirty years war, as it was actually a series of wars with the reformation in the background along with the convoluted politics of 15th century europe. There in 1618 the protestant nobility refused to recognize. Second, it was a political war between not a few parties. What were the shortterm and longterm results of the war of. Initially, swedens entrance into the war was considered a minor annoyance to the catholic league and its allies. At the close of the seven years war known in the colonies as the french and indian war in 1764, american colonists had never been happier to be british. The thirty years war 16181648 may have been the most destructive european conflict prior to the 20th century. A short introduction to the thirty years war illustrated ebook. Without any question the period of the thirty years war, from 1618 to 1648, was one. That depends on your current knowledge of the subject, and the level of detail youd like to have.
The term thirty years war was already commonplace by 1648 when a twentyfour page pamphlet appeared entitled from the thirty years german war. Bertolt brechts play mother courage and her children, an antiwar theatre piece, is set during the thirty years war. Peace of westphalia simple english wikipedia, the free. Books on the thirty years war 1618 1648 score a book s total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book.
He was a great leader of the catholics but ended up murdered by his own mercenaries after attempting retaliation for his dismissal. The effects of the war are poignantly shown in the destruction of family. With the end of the thirty years war, marked by the peace of westphalia, the power of princes and independent feudal identities disappeared as a nationalist conception appeared throughout europe. The next year, 1643, was pivotal in the decadeslong conflict. Mar, 2017 battles of the thirty years war march, 2017 march 10, 2017 charles atkins the 17 th century oversaw the modernization of war, from upgrades in weaponry to revaluations of battle tactics, from the replacement of old arms with new ones to the invention of new army procedures and formations. Thirty years war 161848, in european history, a series of wars fought by various nations for. When the 17th century came about, spain had a glorious century behind and a lot of enemies ahead. The thirty years war, a series of wars fought by european nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of bohemia the future holy roman emperor ferdinand ii to. Apr 22, 2016 that depends on your current knowledge of the subject, and the level of detail youd like to have. This book is a summary of the history of the thirty years war.